1. SOIL TREATMENT
Ground processing carried out by using a hand tractor farm equipment at least 2 x hijacking to prepare the best medium for the cultivation of tobacco by maintaining soil fertility.
2. PLANTING AND Fertilization
Forty-five days s / d and fifty days (45 s / d 50) after sowing, seedlings were planted on the ground guludan in fields that have been selected with the appropriate area and need to know before planting the seeds needed to be trimmed, in order to avoid stagnation.
At planting, fertilizer stage I with the type and dose and way of fertilizing. The NPK fertilizer used (Fertila) with a dose of 10 grams / rod.
Fertilization II with plant age 21 days to do Fertilization with NPK (KNO 3) with a dose of 5 g / stem.
3. Pembubunan and irrigation
Pembumbunan is the process undertaken to keep the soil loose, in preparation for a good growing medium for plants and tobacco as well as to clean the weeds (Weeds).
The irrigation system (Irrigation) is very important in ensuring the quality of Virginia tobacco clan productivity levels.
4. PUNGGEL AND WIWIL / Suli
Punggel and wiwil / Suli ensure the use of plant nutrients in the process of developing tobacco leaves to get the number of leaves, leaf weight and high quality that will provide maximum bacilli for farmers. The use of natural sukirisida done with production cost reasons, the application of environmentally friendly technologies that all this is done in a timely manner.
In the implementation of wiwilan very important because it will affect the thickness of the leaf / leaf weight.
5. INTEGRATED PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL (IPM)
Integrated Pest Management is implemented in accordance with the conditions of the existing plant to prioritize the use of Bio Pesticides with regular supervision, of pesticide residues in both Virginia tobacco plants. Adapaun use of pesticides and chemicals can be used (Dancis, Furadan) depending on existing pests.
6. HARVEST
Harvesting is a very important milestone to be considered in getting a high quality harvest. As for who has to be noted as follows:
- Maturity of leaves
- Uniformity of leaves in the process of planting
- Handling of leaf crops
Most of the varieties of tobacco leaves are harvested based on maturity level is started from the bottom leaf to leaf by picking up 2 to 3 leaves on each plant at intervals of one week until the plants leaf out.
7. POST-HARVEST
Virginia tobacco sold in the form of dry oven or pengomprongan (Curing).
Curing is a biological process which releases moisture from wet tobacco leaves are harvested in a state of life. During this time there are some farmers who argue that tobacco curing is the drying process only. Not realizing that the cells inside the leaf is still alive after harvest.
Curing Objectives:
Actually curing purposes are:
- Removing the water of life of tobacco leaf water content 80 -90% to 10 -15%.
- Change the color of the leaves become green substance with the scent of orange WARDA in accordance with the standards of processed tobacco.
The characteristics of mature leaves:
Therefore to get the curing / omprongan good tobacco, the tobacco leaves that have been cooked and uniforms.
The characteristics of the ripe leaf is:
- Colour yellow-green leaves have started with some colored leaf tip and edges brown.
- Colour green leaf stalks yellow, whitish.
- Position the leaf / leaves flat bone
- Sometimes there are leaves on a sheet of brown spots, as a symbol of aging.
The things to note:
At the time of curing, which need to be considered also is the capacity of leaves in the oven. As an example for the oven size 4 x 4 x 7 shelves comparable to 1.8 ha, while the 5 x 5 x 7 racks maximum 2.8 ha. Also weather processing time, when the rainy season should be more lenient than the dry season.
At Harvest
At harvest time the tobacco must be ascertained how many pieces should be picked according to the capacity of the oven. Tobacco leaves are picked to be long and leaves the same position, because if the age of leaves and different leaf positions, would be very difficult to determine when to raise the temperature of the oven, when to go to the next stage, when the balls to open vents and so on. Therefore, farmers' knowledge clan leaf pickers must be really good about this harvest time. Preferably just before harvest, farmers gather all relevant personnel notified petiknya clan which has been allowed where the clan that has not been harvested.
Curing Stages
Before starting the curing must be ensured that the entire gelantang already available and free plastics, stoves have been checked by doing a test condition sebelurnnya flame, the whole wall oven no cavities, the door can close tightly, pipes are not damaged hollow clan.
There are 4 stages of curing, namely:
1. Penguningan
This biological process is a process of change in leaf color from green to yellow, because the loss of green leaf substance / substances klorophyil to yellow foliage and of degradation of starch into sugar. These changes can occur at 32 s / d of 42 degrees centigrade. This process should be done slowly time required depends on the position of the leaf. Generally lasts for 55 s / d 58 hours. At this beginning all vents closed, either up or down. But when all the leaves are yellow orange colored top vents open 1 / 4, this process is crucial to the results of curing.
2. Binding Colour
If all leaves are colored yellow and orange leaves of both bones of leaves, then it pertiahan-land temperature is raised. At the time this process occurs, then when the leaves are colored green, the leaves will still be colored green, whereas when it is colored yellow to orange then yellow orange curing results. Because at a temperature of 43-52 ° C. This happens binding color. So if the color of leaves in the process has not been sempuna PENGUNINGAN, then do not rush to raise temperatures over 42 ° C. At this stage vents opened gradually, little by little until finally removed entirely. Time needed if running perfectly generally around 18-19 hours.
3. Sheet Drying Leaves
This process aims to reduce the water content in leaves by increasing the temperature of 53-62 ° C. At this time all vents open, because the water that came out of leaf cells would be water vapor, which must be thrown out of the oven so as not to go back to the leaf. The characteristics of this process, the leaves are dry, if held, but the bone still feels wet leaf leaves look wrinkled or curly it takes approximately 30-32 hours.
4. Drying Handles
Drying up performed at a temperature of 63-72 ° C. At this time the water that could dilapas leaf stems will be issued in the early stages of this venting process starts slowly and gradually closed down, to keep the humidity remained at 32% range. The characteristics of this stage can be completed when all the bones are dry leaves, and stems will break when bent and sounds crick. This indicates that this phase goes well 5-8 hours before the process ends, all vents should be closed so the air humidity is maintained. This process normally takes 30-32 hours to never raise the oven temperature above 72 C, because the tobacco will burn.
Similarly, the stages that occur in tobacco curing Virginia Flue Cure. This process should be done with caution because of tobacco control full clan that has been very good growth in the field, the result would be futile if the curing process is not running smoothly. Therefore, for all active should have the oven thermometer to make sure each stage is already running well or not. And also each oven must have a table guidelines and Virginia tobacco curing procedure using Hygrocurometer tool for measuring air temperature and humidity.
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